2014高考英语语法填空解析_2014高考英语语法

1.高考英语13个语法考点

2.2014年高考英语试题及答案解析（新课标Ⅱ)

3.英语语法填空题答题技巧

4.高中英语语法填空答题的技巧有哪些

5.高中英语语法总结

情态动词，本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。这次我给大家整理了情态动词英语语法知识点，供大家阅读参考。

情态动词英语语法知识点

1 情态动词的语法特征

1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3) 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

1 情态动词的语法特征

1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3) 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

2 比较can 和be able to

1)can　could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),

只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2)只用be able to

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.

= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

注意：could不表示时态

1)提出委婉的请求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。

--- Could I have the television on?

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.

2)在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。

He couldn't be a bad man.

他不大可能是坏人。

3 比较may和might

1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首，表示祝愿。

May God bless you!

He might be at home.

注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

2) 成语 ： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。

If that is the case, we may as well try.

典型例题

Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. must　　B. may　 C. can　 D. will

答案B. 表可能性只能用may.　此句意可从后半句推出。

4 比较have to和must

1)　两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.　我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

2)　have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.

3) 在否定结构中： don't have to　 表示"不必"

mustn't　　　　表示"禁止"，

You don't have to tell him about it.　 你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it.　　　　你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

5 must表示推测

1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。

2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.　 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)

He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：

He must be staying there.

他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.

他必须呆在那。

3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.　我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

---Why didn't you answer my phone call?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

5) 否定推测用can't。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.　如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

6 表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1)情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.

2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3)情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.

明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet. It must have rained last night.

地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have been looking for you.

你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5)推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。

7 情态动词+ have +过去分词

1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth　表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

2)　must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

---She must have gone by bus.

3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth

本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)

ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

4) needn't have done sth　 本没必要做某事

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I　needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

5) would like to have done sth　 本打算做某事

I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.

8 should 和ought to

should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。

---Ought he to go?

---Yes. I think he ought to.

表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。

9 had better表示"最好"

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.

She'd better not play with the dog.

had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。

You had better have come earlier.

10 would rather表示"宁愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…　 宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

典型例题

----Shall we go skating or stay at home?

----Which ___ do?

A. do you rather　　B. would you rather　 C. will you rather　 D. should you rather

答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。

11 will和would

注意：

1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。

Would you like to go with me?

2)Will you…?　Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。

Would you like some cake?

3)否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。

Won't you sit down?

12 情态动词的回答方式

问句　　　肯定回答　　　　否定回答

Need you…?　　Yes, I must.　　　No,I needn't

Must you…?　　　　　　　　　　　/don't have to.

典型例题

1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?

---Yes, of course, you____.

A. might　B. will　 C. can　 D. should

答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。

2)---Shall I tell John about it?

---No, you ___. I've told him already.

A. needn't　　B. wouldn't　　C. mustn't　　D. shouldn't

答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't　不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。

3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't　 B.　I won't　 C. I can't　D. I haven't

答案B.　will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。

13 带to 的情态动词

带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：

Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?

She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.

You ought not to have told her all about it.

Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。

典型例题

Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A.have told　B.tell　C.be telling　D. having told

答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。

14 比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1) 实义动词： need　(需要, 要求)

need + n. / to do sth

2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。

Need you go yet?

Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.

3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动：

need doing = need to be done

怎样快速提高英语成绩

一、正确背单词

利用好碎片时间背单词!这一点很关键，很多同学的碎片时间都是浪费掉的，拿大段大段的时间一直背单词，到了后面其实效率已经很低了。利用下课的10分钟，或者是吃饭的时间等等这些碎片化的时间来分几次背单词，完成一天的任务，对于你的记忆更有帮助!

二、翻译阅读理解

可以现在心里默默翻译一遍这个 句子 的意思，看看有哪里不懂的?如果有不懂的，联系上下文再猜一猜，继续翻译，最后形成一句翻译过来的中文。拿着这句话跟答案中的译文去核对，看看你跟标准的译文之间还有着那些差距?

找出自己的翻译和标准译文之间的差别，然后慢慢调整自己的翻译和理解，这样的翻译做得多了，你的阅读理解能力自然就会有着一个大的提高。

三、口译中文的短文

说了单词和阅读理解，自然不能少了写作。

写作应该是所用同学都比较头疼的一个方面了，怎样快速提高英语的写作能力呢?

一句话：口译中文的短文。

学好英语的十大建议和 方法

1、单词。学英语要有一定的单词量，这具体要看你想掌握到什么程度，如果是正常交流，只会一些简单单词就可以了，初高中学的单词量完全够用，如果是参加考试，那么都会有相应的考纲，把考纲单词背会即可。

2、听力。听力在有些考试中虽然不计入总分，但是想学小语种还是很重视听力这块的。听力训练最好跟着磁带或者录音读，听懂一句跟读一句，反复进行训练，把自己的发音说的标准一些。

3、读课文。学英语就要敢于大声朗读课文，英语是用来读和说的，不能学哑巴英语，那样永远也学不好一门语言。

4、做好笔记。上课老师会把最精华的东西都传授给同学们，但是刚学英语，有些同学很难完全消化吸收，所以一定要记好笔记，这样课后认真看笔记也能做好复习。

5、背课文。学英语最好的方法就是背课文，这样能培养语感，有些题目即使不知道原理也能做对，做选择题很有优势。

6、用英语交流。学英语就要有英语环境，多和同学交流，学以致用，那样不仅学起来有意思，还能让学到的知识很有用处，所以可课间可以用英语和同学交流。

7、利用媒介。学英语有很多方式，可以看英语**、听英语歌、看英语新闻等等，所以不必局限于老师课堂讲课这一种方式，可以通过多种方法去 学习英语 。

8、学英语技巧。 英语学习 是有技巧可言的，但是任何技巧多是在学通一门知识的基础上 总结 出来的，不可急躁冒进，建议理解了再去使用。

9、阅读。学英语要多做一些阅读题，阅读题目占有很大的分值比重，这一块做好了能提高很多分数。

10、写 作文 。自己写完 英语作文 可以让老师修改并提意见，这样对自己 英语写作 水平和能力提高是很有帮助的，下次写作文就会有所改进。

情态动词英语语法知识点相关 文章 ：

★ 英语基础语法知识点汇总:动词的语态

★ 初中英语必须掌握的19个重点语法知识点

★ 八年级英语语法知识点归纳总结

★ 英语语法大全总结

★ 小学五年级英语语法知识点总结

★ 初中英语语法知识点总结

★ 高中英语语法大全知识点

★ 六年级英语语法知识点汇总

★ 高考英语易错知识点(2)

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高考英语13个语法考点

第一章 语法填空简介

第一节 命题规律

高考英语完型填空是一种综合英语语言能力的测评方式，因为在完成语篇英语完型测试文章时，考生必须读懂文章的内容，同时猜测缺失部分的单词的意义，这样在重新构建语篇的过程中，考生必须运用英语语言文化、语篇分析、学习策略等各方面的能力来完成这一任务。显然，完型填空考查的重点是考生分析、综合、信息转换等超出语言知识以外的语言应用能力。

英语完型填空的形式很多，比较常见的有固定比率删词填空、可变比率删词填空、选择式完型填空。

(1) 固定比率删词填空

这种方法又称为第n个词删词填空。n一般取系数5到10。如果系数取5，就是将第5, 10, 15, 20一字删去。系数越小题目越难。如果n大于10，难度极小，测试的意义不大。在实际测试中，每隔5, 6, 7个字删去一字的作法是目前完型填空中比较流行的一种做法。

(2) 变化比率删词填空

这种方法又称为合理删词填空，是指根据考试目的，在需要的地方删词。删词的位置不固定，既可测试语言知识，也可测试学生的阅读能力，这类完型填空的质量在很大程度上取决于空格的选择。完型填空测试的是学生在语篇层面上的语言加工能力，因此在空格选择上必须注意这一点。高质量的完型填空在设计空格时就应该选择受长段上下文制约的词，这样才能测出学生的阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。否则，完型测试只能是形式上像完型填空，实际上是单句填空。

(3) 选择式完型填空

这种方法是多项选择题和合理删词完型填空题相结合的一种方法。

在目前我国的高考英语测试中，用得较多的有集库式完型填空(即选词填空)，和分题选择式填空(即选择式完型填空)，该类题型是在1953年被泰勒发明的。这种考试题型旨在对学生考试阅读能力的考查，而完形填空的文章一般具有结构较为严谨、内容较为生动的特点。在高考英语的考试之中，完形填空的文章形式通常是记叙文或者带有议论部分的记叙文。至于故事的内容往往是讲述一个故事，通过故事反映出一个教人做事的道理。一般来说，完形填空文章的难度略低于阅读理解题型中文章的难度，该题型在高考英语试卷中占有20分左右的分值，文章中大约有300词左右。该类题目集中相似单词的辨析、单词的用法以及固定搭配、英语语法以及对文章主旨整体的把握、联系文章上下文对所填内容进行推测等方面的考查，因此，其难度相对较大，考生在此失分也相对较多。

语法填空来源

高考英语考试中语法填空是根据变化比率删词填空改编而来的新题型，这种主观型语篇语法填空，在语篇的情况下测试学生的英语语法知识点（动词的时态、动词的语态、情态动词、非谓语的不定式、非谓语的动名词、非谓语的分词、形容词或副词、名词从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句以及冠词、介词、代词等）。该类题目主要考查学生对英语基础英语语法点的综合语篇应用能力。

语法填空编特点：

文章的首尾一、二句一般不留空格，至少应该保证第一句的完整，以帮助学生进入文章内容，了解作者的写作风格，便于后面的填空。

文章中的人名、地名等专有名词，以及日期、数字等不能作为空格。因为这类信息如果只在文章中出现一次，学生无法根据语言线索或其他线索填出这些空格。

语法填空不应以学生常犯的语法错误作为干扰项。因为语法填空主要测试学生的语篇应用能力，而将语法中的“偏”、“难” 、“怪”等编成干扰项与文章理解没有直接关系，偏离了测试目标。

语法填空的解题思路。

在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在，而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，例如，主语、谓语等，最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的语态等，选择词语的正确形式。例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。

在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，则要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词分成形容词性以及名词性代词、指示或者不定代词等。在运用介词的时候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。

语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下应用能力，在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。

第二节 大纲解析

一、语法填空的考试内容和要求

根据《2014全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语科（上海卷）》以及《上海市中小学英语课程标准（征求意见稿）》，确定语法考试内容和要求如下：

1. 词法

（1） 名词 名词复数的构成、专有名词、不可数名词、名词所有格

（2） 代词 人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、反身代词、it的用法

（3） 数词 基数词和序数词

（4） 介词 常用介词和介词短语

（5） 形容词和副词 比较级和最高级的构成及基本用法、同级比较

（6） 冠词 定冠词和不定冠词

（7） 连词 并列连词和从属连词

（8） 动词

① 动词时态

一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时（只做理解要求）

② 动词语态

主动语态

被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时、带情态动词的被动语态）

③ 动词语气 陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（只做理解要求）

④ 非谓语动词

分词（否定式、完成式、被动式；作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语）

动名词 （否定式、完成式、被动式、复合结构；作主语、宾语、表语、定语）

不定式（否定式、进行式、完成式、被动式、与疑问词连用；作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语）

⑤ 情态动词和助动词

2. 句法

（1） 句子种类 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

（2） 句子类型 简单句、并列句、复合句（状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）

（3） 倒装句

倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装：提前部分+谓语+主语；部分倒装：提前部分+助动词+主语+动词。测试中经常使用的倒装结构要熟练的掌握和运用。

全部倒装常用的四种情况：

① 表示时间、地点或方位的副词位于句首；

② 表示时间或地点的介词短语作状语位于句首；

③ 某些表语位于句首；

④ so、neither、nor开头的句子。

部分倒装常用的六种情况：

① 某些否定词或半否词位于句首，如hardly, seldom, r arely, no, not, never, nowhere, no longer, litter, in no time, under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, by no means, in no case;

② Only+(时间副词/介词短语/状语从句）+倒装句式；

③ Not until+句子（陈述句语序）/时间状语+倒装句式；

④ Not only+倒装句式+but(also)+陈述句语序；

⑤ Hardly/No sooner+倒装句式(过去完成时）+when/than+陈述句语序(过去时态）；

⑥ So/Such...+倒装结构+that+句子（陈述句语序）

（4） 强调结构

2014年高考英语试题及答案解析（新课标Ⅱ)

她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此?以致于?

例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此?以致于?

例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此?以致于?

例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

英语语法填空题答题技巧

以下是 为大家整理的关于2014年高考英语试题及答案解析（新课标Ⅱ)的文章，供广大考生查阅！！

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷

英 语

本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。

注意事项：

1.答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从学科网每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑.

A

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, zxxk Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. zxxk

Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A. Go shopping

B. Find a house

C. Join his family

D. Take his family

2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.

A. a friend of his family

B. a Sydney policeman

C. a letter in his papers

D. a stranger in Sydney

3. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Showed

B. Sent out

C. Delivered

D. Gave back

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. From India to Australia.

B. Living in a a New Country.

C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

D. In Search of New Friends. zxxk

B

Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .

Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .

Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .

5 According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___

A. the social movement

B. recycling techniqueszxxk

C. environmental problems

D. the importance of Earth Day

6 Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?

A. The grass –roots level

B. The business circle

C. Government officials

D. University professors

7. What have \Americans achieved in environmental protection ?

A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest

B. They have settled their environmental problems

C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.

D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures .

8. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?

A. Education

B. Planning

C. Green living

D. CO reduction

C

One of the latest trend(趋势) in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country.

“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. zxxk

Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture.” she says.

“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

The popularity if au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?

A. A mother raising her children on her own

B. A child learning a foreign language at home

C. A professor in language education of children

D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.

10. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.

A. to live in China some day

B. to speak the language at home

C. to catch up wit other children

D. to learn about the Chinese culture

11. What can we infer from the text?

A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,

B. Educated woman do better in looking after children

C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.

D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months. zxxk

D

Metro Pocket Guide

Metrorail(地铁)

Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer.

Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.

Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.

Hours of Service

Open: 5 a.m Mon-Fri 7a.m. Sat—Sun .

Close midnight Sun—Thur.

Last train time vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.

Metrobus

When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTripa CARD the fare is $1.25

Fares for the Senior /disabled customers

Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTripa card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, farecard or SmarTripR card and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100

Travel tips

. avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.

. if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.

12. what should you know about farecard machine?

A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.

B. They are connected to change machines.

C. They offer special service to the elderly.

D. They make change for no more than $5. zxxk

13. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

A. At midnight B. at 3 a.m. C. at 5 am D. at 7 p.m.

14. What is good about a SmarTripa card?

A. It is convenient for old people B. It saves money for its users

C. it can be bought at any time D. it is sold on the Internet.

15. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

A. 202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100

C.202-673-7000 D.202-673-8000

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, ____16__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_____17___

2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? ___18___ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

3. ____19____ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start. ____20___ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things. zxxk

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

第二部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top __21_____, but on their way back conditions were very _22______. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon __23_____ alone, he would probably get back _24______. But Simon decided to risk his __25_____ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).

As they __26_____ down, the weather got worse. Then another ___27____ occurred. They couldn’t see or hear each other and, ___28____, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was ___29____ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe’s __30_____ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. ___31____, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __32_____. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe __33_____ into a large crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn’t walk, but he __34_____ to get out of the crevasse and started to ___35____ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __36_____.

Simon had ___37____ the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be __38_____, but he didn’t want to leave ___39____. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’t ___40____ it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.

21.A. hurriedly B. carefully .C. successfully D. early

22. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal

23. A. climbed B. worked C. rested . D. continued zxxk

24. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully

25. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life

26. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked

27. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble

28. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by chance D. by luck

29. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible

30. A. height B. weight C. strength .D. equipment

31. A. Finally B. Patiently .C. Surely D. Quickly

32. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision .D. hold on

33. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed

34. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped

35. A. run B. skate C. move D. march

36. A. around B. away C. above D. along

37. A. headed for B. travelled C. left for D. returned to

38. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late

39. A. secretly B. tiredly .C. immediately D. anxiously

40. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept

.第二卷

第三部分 英语知识运用zxxk

第二节 (共10分;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __41___ (be) late for school.

There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___42____ some of them looked very anxious and ___43__

(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____44___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ____45___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____46___

(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____47___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____48___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It ‘s ____49___ (I )”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers _____(sudden) became friendly to one another.

第三部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共

有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are threezxxk lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

第二节 书面表达 (25分)

一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、

1、 家庭

2、 工作

3、 业余生活

注意：1、次数100左右;2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;3. 开头语已为你写好

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷

英 语

参考答案

1—5 BCCBC 6—10 ADADD 11—15 ADBBA 16—20 BGCAF

21—25 CADBD 26—30 CDADB 31—35 ACBAC 36—40 BDACB

41. being 42. and 43. disappointed 44. to 45. caught 46. to stop 47. riding

48.did 49. me/mine 50. suddenly

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lesson

There

in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.

don’t much

Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, zxxk we can do reading

for

for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.

hours

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers

looks

and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the

sit

lake listening∧ music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our

to helpful

teachers but also our friends. zxxk

五：one Possible Version

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will be twenty-eight years old by then. I will have my own family. Probably with a lovely child. I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world. In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.

高中英语语法填空答题的技巧有哪些

　高考英语是有规律的，即考过的老题会不断地重复。高考英语语法也是一样的需要多练获得感觉，我在这里整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。

　高考英语语法填空解题策略

　解题策略

　一、读懂首句,判断体裁,确定时态

　二、动脑思考,分析推理

　三、通读全文,验证所填的词

　考查范围

　一、语境(上下文)

　二、语法：动词(时态、语态、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级及构词法、倒装等。

　解题技巧

　冠词：a, an, the

　介词：in, on, at, with, as(作为), before, after, by, from, through, to, for等

　代词：one, another, other, both, none,I, we, you等人称

　连词：

　(1) and, or, but,however (用于两个完整的句子之间)

　(2) that, which,who, whom, whose, when, where, why (引导定语从句)

　(3) that, whether,if, whose, which, who, what, when, where, how, why (引导名词性从句)

　(4) when, before,after, until, while, because, so, if, unless, although, as (引导状语从句)

　(一)无提示词

　1. 缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)

　例：She did not hesitate for long : although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please( ). (2009年广东高考)

　解析：不定式后动词please缺少宾语，应填代词;又从文章和句子意思可知是给父亲买礼物，使他高兴，确定填?her。

　2. 如果句子基本结构完整，名词前面无限定词(冠词、不定代词和形容词性物主代词)，则设在该名词前的空格很大可能是填限定词。

　例：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960?1279) was very anxious to help( )rice crop grow upquickly. (2008年广东高考)

　解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词;根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。

　3. 如果句子基本结构完整，名词或代词在句中既不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，其前面的空格通常是填介词。

　例：When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already ( )table having supper. (2009年广东高考)

　解析：分析句子知道名词table在句中不作主语、宾语，也不作were的表语，空格处应填介词，使table成为介词的宾语;根据having supper确定应填介词at，at table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，是固定搭配。

　4. 如果两个句子(即两个主谓结构)之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。

　例： He was very tired from/after doing this for a whole day, ( ) he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. (2008年广东高考)

　解析：两个句子间是逗号且无关联词连接，则空格处一定是填关联词;再根据前一句他感到very tired和后一句子的very happy得出前后为转折关系，确定填并列连词but。

　5. 和it有关的一些特殊句型也是判断纯填空题的一个重要技巧。

　(1)根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型来判断空格处是否应填it。

　例：She remembered how difficult ( ) was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

　解析：分析句子可知，宾语从句中真正的主语是后面的不定式to choose?，空格处应填入作形式主语的it。

　(2)根据强调句结构：“It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子剩下部分”，来判断空格处填it还是that。

　例： ? and ( )was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn?t eat MSG. (广州一模)

　解析：分析句子结构，可知该句为强调句句型应填it。

　强调句判断方法:

　将it is/was...与连接词去掉，句子仍然完整正确，就为强调句型。

　(二)有提示词

　1.动词：

　(1) 给出的提示词为动词时，考生应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再具体解题。

　例： ? people stepped on your feet or ( ) (push) you with their elbows, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. (2009年广东高考)

　解析：提示词push在句中与stepped作并列谓语，要用一般过去时，填pushed。

　(2)如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者提示词与已有谓语动词之间是并列关系时，所给提示词就是谓语动词，此时要根据语境考虑时态和语态。

　例：Her mother was excited. “You father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane( ) (inform). (2009年广东高考)

　解析: 主句没有谓语，考时态和语态;根据文章意思可知Jane是“被”她母亲告知父亲决定戒烟的，确定应用一般过去时和被动语态，填was informed。

　(3)如果句子已有谓语动词，给出的动词提示词也不作并列谓语时，则考查非谓语动词，这时要根据句子所缺成分和非谓语动词各自用法特点，选择动词-ing 、动词-ed 和不定式，具体确定方法如下：

　提示词在句中作目的状语、only后的结果状语、情感形容词或动词后的原因状语时，通常用不定式。

　例：For example, the proverb, “ plucking up a crop( )(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东高考)

　解析: 分析结构可知句子已有谓语is based，help在此为非谓语;根据句子意思，把禾苗拔高的目的是帮助它们长高，确定用不定式作目的状语，填to help。

　(4)提示词给的是动词有时也会考查词类转换，考生须仔细分析句子结构，正确填词。

　例：But Jane knew from her past experience that her( ) (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009年广东高考)

　解析:分析句子可知，choose在同位语从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词her后，确定用名词形式choice。

　2.形容词和副词

　(1)提示词为形容词或副词，重点考察它们的比较等级、形容词副词之间的词性转换，具体解题技巧如下：

　考察形容词和副词的比较等级。一般来说，如果有表示范围的in/of介词短语，用最高级;than的前面要用比较级，但考生要特别注意的是，在特定语境中, “than+ 比较对象”和表示比较范围的of/in短语常常被省略。

　例：The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be __39__(sweet)”.(2010年广东高考)

　解析: 由语境可知，这水是好心和爱的表现，没有什么比它更甜了，这是省略了than the water的隐性比较级，确定填sweeter。

　(2)形容词和副词之间的词类转换。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式;作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。

　例：His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ( ) (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010年广东高考)

　解析: 修饰动词smiled要用warm的副词形式，确定填warmly。

　总结

　一、首先熟悉语境

　二、对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等，不仅要理解它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们

　三、对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法

　四、对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性

　五、对于单词，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还要掌握基本的词形变换

　提高英语成绩的方法

　一、技巧提升保持高水平竞技状态

　首先，请每天下午三点开始复习英语。一定要把自己的状态调整成：下午做英语越做越兴奋。否则很容易节奏大乱。

　同时，整张试卷的时间分配也要有所讲究。150分满分，平时考七八十分的同学，CD两篇可适当加速，为其他题目留些时间。听力满分的同学，听力的第二遍建议你快速去做点单选语法填空。Be clever!

　二、坚持用听力原文煲耳朵

　听力有问题，就要坚持每天至少听30分钟原文。具体操作应该是：先听一遍，找出自己听得不好的段落，然后进行反复地跟读模仿，最后再盲听几遍。每天这样重复，一定要保证自己有个类似这样的高强度煲耳朵的过程。

　三、单词、语法只看高频

　如果考生在这个阶段才终于下定决心要背单词了，或者要学语法了，那么请千万千万不要翻开一本单词书从a开始背，也不要打开一本语法书，从名词开始看。

　一定要重视高频!词汇应该只看考了很多次的(实在没有这样的资料可以下载新东方的手机软件“精雕细课”)。

　语法也应该先看单选、语法填空、短文改错中考了很多次的语法点。如时态、非谓语等。建议翻开任意一本语法书，按以下顺序过一遍语法：句子五种基本结构-时态-非谓语动词-状语从句-虚拟语气-定语从句-名词性从句-情态动词。

　四、抓规律认真总结历届高考真题

　高考英语是有规律的，即考过的老题会不断地重复。所以认认真真地将本地的2010-2015年高考真题从头做到尾并且保证没有一道题会忘记、没有一道题难以理解、没有一个单词搞不懂、没有一个句子看不明白，就一定能够有不小的收获。

　五、无惧“没语感” 背下至少6篇完形

　不要被“语感”这个词搞得浑浑噩噩，觉得自己没有语感就完蛋了。事实上所谓的“语感”，都是建立在大量的输入的基础上的。所以背下近年至少6篇完形，会对完形不太好的同学有极强的帮助。背不下来读熟也可以。同时，完形由于可考的单词有限，一定会海量重复。多多背完形，就会看到老单词老考法。

　六、答题技巧 善于利用选项分布

　几乎所有的标准化考试，选项都必须是平均分布的。如果我们在做题时，发现完形的选项出现了3377这种分布，铁定要把一些CD改成AB. 所以建议各位考生，遇到拿不准的选项，一定要有标记!否则太容易把对的改错了。一般来说，完形选项数量不会出现除了456以外的数字。

　七、取他山之石 攻写作

　高考英语试卷，阅读和完形里面的句型对作文写作帮助巨大，所以此时不利用更待何时?考生们一定要利用完形(一般都是记叙文)的好词好句型来润景作文。一定要利用阅读的多样化句式，来仿写自己的多样化句式。这是现成的句子词汇素材库!但不宜完全照搬。

　八、完善知识结构 每天抄写文章

　抄写文章的内容可以是写作高分范文，也可以是阅读文章，两者都对考生有奇效。同时还可以让考生对于介词、冠词等小词的使用有个基本概念。要知道，大部分学生是有介词过滤症的，在阅读时眼中是没有介词这个概念的，直接忽略了?抄写可以令考生重新关注这些词的使用。

　九、坚持练字 提交清爽卷面

　写作，不仅仅是个展现英文水平的项目。因为100字左右的表达，即使是经验最丰富的阅卷老师，要在短时间之内做到：赏析文法、审核要点、考查流畅，难度都很大。字迹工整、清晰在很大程度上会帮助老师关注你的文章，进而得到更高的分数，所以，要练字，考试时候可适当打打草稿。

　十、考前热耳朵

　综合考试结束，下午英语听力考试开始前，请在午睡后保证一直在听英语。热身热耳朵会保证听力一下子进入状态。要知道，听力失分最多的项目，竟然是最简单的短对话。

高中英语语法总结

　语法填空是高考必考题型，所占分值也不容小觑，为了让英语更高分，我们必须掌握语法填空的技巧。下面是我分享的高中英语语法填空答题的技巧，一起来看看吧。

高中英语语法填空答题的技巧

　一、语法填空的考查范围：

　1.语境(上下文);

　2.语法：动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。

　语法填空的能力要求：

　1.阅读/理解语篇的能力

　2.分析句子结构的能力

　3.熟练运用语法的能力

　4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。

　二、定语从句的引导词.

　主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由whose，where，when，that，as和?介词+关系代词?引导的定语从句是高考的热点。

　复习重点：①when引导的定语从句。②where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。③which引导非限制性定语从句时(句子作先行词)和并列句的区别。④as引导的定语从句?such...as、the same...as?，以及和目的结果状语从句的辨别。⑤分隔式定语从句的识别。⑥能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。

　例10I?ll never forget the days ________ I lived in the factory with the workers，_______ is a great help to my article.

　A. that;which B. when;which C. which;that D. when;who

　答案B 解析第一空后的分句中的谓语动词是不及物动词live，其后不需要宾语，只需要作状语的关系副词，故第一空用when;而第二个句子是对前面整个句子进行说明，因此用which。故答案为B。

　1.?The exam，was originally to be held in our classroom， was changed to the library at the last minute.(广州二模)

　2? Then I went to the department store I worked part-time and bought her an expensive gift box of Sichuan beef. (广州一模)

　3. It was a poem about me， ______ included the time ?(深二模)

　4. At the same time， there had been a growing number of overseas students _______came back to China after study. (茂名二模)

　5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study， is supported by the Chinese . (茂名二模)

　Keys： 1. which 2. where 3. which 4. who 5. which

　三、状语从句

　主要考查的知识点：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。

　重点复习：①时间状语从句，尤其是as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词。②when / where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。③让步状语从句的倒装。④与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。

　例11After the war，a new school building was set up ______ there has once been a theatre.

　A. that B. where C. what D. who

　答案B 解析这是where引导的状语从句，不能将其视为定语从句，因为没有先行词。

　四、名词性从句

　主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。

　重点复习：①whether，if和that的区别。②that从句和wh-从句的区别。③wh-引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如：The book is where you left it just now.④连接代词和连接副词的选择。

　例12?Excuse me，but can you tell the way to this small town?

　?It depends on you go. There are several ways of getting there.

　A. where B. how C. when D. whether

　答案B 解析本题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍一看，本题四个选项都符合空白处的句意。但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息后方可判断应该是?怎样走?。故答案为B。

　五、时态、语态

　主要考查的知识点：动词的时态、语态是每年的必考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常考2～ 3个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查;且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来说，命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现，所以理解语言情景是关键，同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系，只要理解了情景与动作的时间关系，对照选项，就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义，同时还要注意时态一致。

　重点复习：①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。③一般过去时同过去完成时的区别。④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别。⑤?系动词+过去分词?的用法。如：get paid;remain covered;look lost等形式的用法。⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。

　例13?What were you up to when your parents came in?

　?I _______ for a while and _______ some reading.

　A. was playing;was going to do B. played;did

　C. had played;was going to do D. had played;did

　答案C 解析play动作在came之前，所以用过去完成时态，而do some reading的动作则即将开始。

　例14Sarah， hurry up. I?m afraid you wouldn?t have time to before the party.

　A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change

　答案A 解析本题考查?连系动词+过去分词?的用法。答案为A。

　六、名词形式变化

　名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。这是最简单也是最基本的形式变化，只要注意整体形式的一致性。

　例：therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1.

　由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式?复数的所有格children?s。

　七、动词形式变化。

　动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。这种动词形式的变化，一定要注意个别的变化异样，这种最容易犯错。

　例：atalk(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyprofessorzhang.

　句中的iswritten是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是?将来?作的，故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式?tobegiven。

　八、代词形式变化。

　代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none、other/another等。这种需要联系句意或者文章，整体把握。

　例：thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby(he).

　由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

　九、形容词、副词比较级变化。

　英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和.est，或在词前imore/less和most/least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。

　例：iam?(tall)thanliuwen.heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.

　此题后句交代了liuwen是班上最高的学生，那?我?肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的?lesstall?。

　十、上下文中出现的相关词。

　这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。这种时候就需要你的文章内容或是句意的精准理解，要充分把握出题人想表达的意思，才能稳操胜券。

　答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方?上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句;如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

　例：tony____travellingabroad，butdislikesstayinghomewatchingtv.

　由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

高中英语语法填空技巧

　语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。

　一、已给单词提示题型的技巧

　此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

　技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 例1：There are many students living at school, the__(child)houses are all far from school.

　由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式?复数的所有格ehildren's。

　技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 例2：A talk__(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

　句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是?将来?作的，故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式?to be given。

　技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。 例3：The king decided to see the painter by__(he).

　由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。 技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。

　例4：I am__(tall)than Liu Wen. He is the tallest students in my class.

　此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那?我?肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的?less tall?。

　技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。

　例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses. My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a__(three)...

　从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是?一半?或?二分之一?，那么二儿子应该得?三分之一?，所以要填人作分母的序数词?third?才能命中目标。 技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

　例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very__(happiness).

　在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy;钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。

　二、未给单词提示题型的技巧

　此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

　技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词?视而不见?才能命中答案。 例7：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying__,dirty but happy. 从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

　例8：His boss was__angry as to fire him.

　如果?跳过?横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to，所以，so是正解。

高中英语语法的五大基本结构

　1)s十v主谓结构

　2)s十v十p主系表结构

　3)s十v十o主谓宾结构

　4)s十v十o1十o2主谓双宾结构

　5)s十v十o十c主谓宾补结构

　说明：s=主语;v=谓语;p=表语;o=宾语;o1=间接宾语;o2=直接宾语;c=宾语补足语

　五个基本句式详细解释如下：

　1.s十v句式在此句式中，v是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如：

　they listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。

　he suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。

　china belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。

　2.s十v十p句式在此句式中，v是系动词(linkv.)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fallill/asleep，stand/sitstill，become，turn等。

　例如：he is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。

　he seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。

　3. s十v十o句式在此句式中，v是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如：

　i saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部**。

　have you read the story?你读过这个故事吗?

　they found their home easily.他们很容易找到他们的家。

　4.s十v十o1十o2句式在此句式中，v是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：

　he gave me a book/abook tome.他给我一本书。

　he brought me apen/apen tome.他带给我一枝钢笔。

　he offered me his seat/his seat tome.他把座位让给我。

　注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：

　mother bought me a book/abook forme.妈妈给我买了一本书。

　he got me a chair/a chair for me.他给我弄了一把椅子。

　5.s十v十o十c句式在此句式中，v是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。

　常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子：

　they made the girl angry.他们使这个女孩生气了。

高中英语语法总结

定语从句 ：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句

时态：现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时

状语从句

非谓语动词的用法

虚拟语气的运用

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分词（participle）

现在分词一般式 否定式 完成式 被动式

Doing Not doing Having done Being done

Not having done Having been done

Not being done

现在分词，过去分词

现在分词表示被动，表进行；及物动词的过去分词表被动，完成。

Boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 已经开过的水

The rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起了的太阳

A developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家

*现在分词和过去分词都可以在句中作表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。

作表语

。现在分词作表语一般表示主语的特征和句中主语是主谓关系，主语一般是物，有时也可以是人。

。过去分词做表语一般表示主语所处的状态和句中主语是逻辑的动宾关系，主语一般是人，也可以是物。

（1） the film is moving we are moved

disappoint /surprise /move /frighten /inspire /interest

The boy is disappointing and his father is disappointed.

He tried be calm, but his voice sounded a bit surprised.

be covered /lined with

The door remained locked They remained listening.

2.做定语：

有些词的过去分词有两种 learned /learned burned /burnt lighted/light

一般规则变化的做定语，不规则变化的不做定语

*单独的一个分词做定语通常放在被修饰词的前边，分词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后边，相当于一个定语从句。

1（ 使动词的用法

*a girl named Mary came to see me .

*a girl calling herself Mary came to see me .

a moved girl = a girl who was moved a moving film =a film which is moving

a surprised look /expression on his face

2) I read the book written (which was written) by lu xun

Tell the children playing the guitar not to make so much noise.

The building being built is our teaching building.

He lives in a room facing the south.

注：有些词只能用定语从句表达而不能用过去分词的形式。

The boy who came to see me is my brother.

There were aidents that always happened.

3) 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句 . The book, written in 1980, tells of struggle.

2.作状语： 时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，伴随状语。

He went into the lab, following other students.

The teacher went into the lab, followed by a group of students.

Being a young people, he is always ready to help others.= as he is a young people ,…..

Given more time, he would do it even better. =if we were more time ,………..

Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = as he is ill ,he didn’t ……..

Not knowing what to do, went to ask marl.

Not having received her lessons well, she failed in the exam.

Having finished her work, she went home.

Getting up early, you’ll catch the bus. =if you get earlier ,……..

considering 就…而言 考虑到，各方面考虑起来

She seems very bright, considering.

Considering the distance, he arrived quickly.

The hall is still in good condition, considering that it was built almost 1000 years ago.

注：1) Generally speaking, he is a good person.

Judging from his skin, he is an African.

He left home, determined not to set his foot in his home.

但是 to tell the truth ,……. To be honest ………

regarding = about 关于…的问题

He spoke to me regarding his failure .

I must speak to you regarding this matter.

2) 分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

While visiting a city, a guidebook is very useful.

While reading the letter, tears e to her eyes. (错误)

当分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时， 分词可以在自己的前 面加上自己的逻辑主语，这样后构成的短语叫独立主格结构，一般用逗号与主句分开。

It being Sunday .I don’t have to go to work.

He being a party member, his deeds are expected by all.

Our work having been finished, we went home.

They’re being no buses, we went home.

Weather permitting; we’ll start on Saturday.

Mr. *** ith is shy and doesn’t speak until spoken to.

4. 做宾语补足语。

see , watch , hear , notice , feel , find , get , have , leave , keep +n./+分词

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.

When he woke up , he found himself lying on the ground .

Don’t have the medicine working all the time.

I won’t have you talking to your mother like this .否定表示不允许，不容忍。

* get *** . /sth . doing 使。。重新开始

get the clock going get the car going 跑/ start 启动

It’s not hard to get the children speaking, but it’s hard to s them.

I often hear the song sung in English.

he spoke loudly in order to make himself heard clearly .

I saw the boy beaten by tom.

The teacher found jack seated / sitting in the room.

The boy was last seen playing in the river.

注： dress ---- be dressed seat ------be seated fix ---one’s eye be fixed on

We found her dressed in red today.

The thief was caught stealing

Dressed in red, she went out.

We found him hidden behind the door.

We sat there silent, her eyes fixed on that army camp.

I didn’t hear a single word in his talk referring to your absence from the meeting.

Do you know the man referred to at the meeting?

He walked along the river, his hands folded across his shoulder.

Feel one’s heart beating fast. /his face exposed.

Compared with tom, he is an honest man.

Comparing what he had with tom, he is satisfied.

The Gerund 动名词

—。 构成。

语态/形式 一般式 完成式 复合结构

主动 Doing Having done One’s doing

被动 Being done Having been done

否定形式一律在其前加not

II .用途： 定语，宾语，主语，表语

做主语：动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。

Smoking does harm to your health.

Tom’s ing made us happy.

Her not ing back made her father angry.

His being punished by the teacher is known to us.

Looking after children is her job.

Seeing is believing （前后对应）眼见为实。

Teaching is learning 教学相长。

My falling ill worried him greatly.

注意下列结构: It is no use / good / useful doing

It is no good quarrelling with them.

It is no use regretting what you have done.

2. 定语

动名词做定语表示用途。（即 ving 做定语有两个意思 1）表动作在进行 2）表用途）

a walking stick / a changing room 更衣室／ a hiding place / an operating table

a collecting tin / a weight machine / building material / drinking water / swimming pool

a washing machine / a sleeping car / a *** oking room / sowing machine 播种机

booking office 售票处 ／ training class 训练班 ／translating machine 翻译机

3．作表语，可以与主语互相转换。

His worst habit is eating too fast.

Our job is playing all kinds of instruments.

Their job is making model planes.

The real problem is getting all the materials ready before the end of the month.

The problem is his son’s having taken the other’s money.

4. 做宾语。

动名词既可以做动词宾语，也可以作介词宾语。

He has finished reading the book.

We could hear the noise of the desk’s being opened. and closed.

He came to attend the concert without being invited.

He suggested the text’s being translated into Chinese.

You should practise listening to English.

She looked forward to receiving her mother’s letter.

注意：1)有些动词或动词短语后面， 必须用动名词做宾语，而不用不定式。

enjoy , finish , mind , risk , avoid , forbid , excuse , practise , imagine , suggest , delay , miss , escape , can’t help , consider ,

be worth doing / be busy doing / give up doing / put off doing / insist on doing

keep / prevent /s from doing feel like doing / prefer doing to doing

be afraid of / be tired of / be fond of / be proud of /sueed in

. the wounded solider escaped being killed in the fighting .

do you mind my *** oking here ?

Don’t be afraid of asking for help.

The boy insisted on being severed with cake.

2)要特别注意以下几个片语

pay attention to / look forward to / devote oneself to / make contribution to

stick to / be /get used to / object to / refer to / get down to / see to （ 处理）

He objected to being treated as a child.

The scientist devoted himself to inventing this new machine.

有些动词跟to do 和doing 均可，但意思不同。

fet to do 忘记做/去做一件事 （没有做）

fet doing 忘记过去做过某事 。

I fet to close the window when I left my office.

Don’t fet to post the letter for me.

I fet meeting you in the street the other day.

remember to do 记住去做某事

remember doing 记得做过某事

please remember to close the window when you leave .

I remember having given the book to you.

regret to do 对现在要发生的事情表示遗憾，抱歉。

Regret doing 对已经发生的事情表示后悔。

I regret to say / to tell you that I can’t go with you.

He regretted having told you about it.

mean to do 打算，想要做，有做某事的意图。

Mean doing 意味着

I mean to go with you.

He didn’t mean to hurt you.

It means finishing in time.

Giving him such books to read means waste his time .

e. try to do 试图于，设法干，尽力于

try doing 试着干

The boy tried to open the door.

He tried driving a bus.

s to do /doing

go on to do / doing

be sure to do 肯定会 ，讲会者肯定

be sure of doing 主语自己会

He is sure to e

I am sure of his ing.

H. like /hate to do

Like hate doing

Nobody likes being laughed at.

4. 注意： need, want require +doing = need, want, require to be done

The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned

The child needs looking after / to be looked after

5. 有些 介词加doing 表示时间

on /upon doing = as soon as

in doing = when /while

On hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

In working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

=While working in shanghai, he made a lot of friends.

定语从句 ，状语从句，表语从句， 名词性从句（主语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句） 倒装 省略 反意疑问句 动词短语 冠词

语专家葛传槼先生曾说：“语法是语言的法则。”英语语法是英国语言的实际用法，是通过语法家的调查研究、分析、综合而总结出来的，不是凭空臆造出来的。任何人使用英语，不管他是否学过语法，都必须依照语法。举个极简单的例子说，任何人写或讲“My mother studies English．”这一句，决不可把My改作I或Me，也不可把studies改作study或studys，也不可在English前面加上the。至于他是否知道possessive（所有格），indicative（直陈语言），third person（第三人称），article（冠词）等名称，那是另一问题。<br> 我国的英语学习者大多是十多岁的青少年，或者理解力较强，或者模仿力较强，在没有英语环境的情况下，学习语法，了解所学语言的规则，可以缩短学习过程，掌握英语的规律，尽快提高听、说、读、写、译的能力。<br> 那么，怎样学习语法呢？下面拟从四个方面简要谈一谈：<br> （1）练好基本句型<br> 我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。<br> 句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法专案（把它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。目前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采用句型教学法。因此学生们或者收听广播（收看电视）进行学习，或者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词进行替换练习。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个专案，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。<br> 以定语从句这一项为例，首先要反复进行替换练习。把“I read a novel yesterday．”和“It was extremely Interesting．”这两个单句改为“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting．”这就是定语从句的单项练习。再如把“I saw a man this morning．”和“The man is my teacher．”改为“The man I saw this morning is my teacher．”；把“I saw a film last night．”和“The film was very amusing．”改为“The film I saw last night was very amusing．”这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。<br> 第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如：<br> A：Did you enjoy the opera？<br> B：Which opera？<br> A：The one we saw last night，of course．<br> B：Yes，very much．<br> 第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个专案放在一起去操练。<br> A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般疑问句；宾语从句）<br> B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定语从句）<br> A：Oh，now I remember．He was the author who wrote“Red Star Over China”，wasn't he？（定语从句；反意疑问句）<br> B：Exactly．<br> 这种回答不但练了定语从句，而且复习了一般疑问句和反意疑问句，也给名词从句的学习打了“埋伏”。进行句型操练，既需要“滚雪球”（复习已学的专案），也需要“打埋伏”（预先练一下将来要学习的专案）。<br> 在句型学习阶段必须注意：在听、说领先的前提下，写、读要跟上，力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此，时间上要做出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去，收效一定很大。<br> （2）结合课文去学<br> 吕叔湘先生说过：“与其多读语法书，不如多读文章。”又说：“词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易记住，才知道用法。”（引自《中国人学英语》）课文是学习英语的“重要基地”。课文里有语音、词汇专案，也有各类语法专案。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法专案，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法，可以学得活，记得牢，这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此，在句型学习结束后，宜结合课文去学语法，要围绕课文中出现的主要语法专案，循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。

语专家葛传槼先生曾说：“语法是语言的法则。”英语语法是英国语言的实际用法，是通过语法家的调查研究、分析、综合而总结出来的，不是凭空臆造出来的。任何人使用英语，不管他是否学过语法，都必须依照语法。举个极简单的例子说，任何人写或讲“My mother studies English．”这一句，决不可把My改作I或Me，也不可把studies改作study或studys，也不可在English前面加上the。至于他是否知道possessive（所有格），indicative（直陈语言），third person（第三人称），article（冠词）等名称，那是另一问题。

我国的英语学习者大多是十多岁的青少年，或者理解力较强，或者模仿力较强，在没有英语环境的情况下，学习语法，了解所学语言的规则，可以缩短学习过程，掌握英语的规律，尽快提高听、说、读、写、译的能力。

那么，怎样学习语法呢？下面拟从四个方面简要谈一谈：

（1）练好基本句型

我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。

句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法专案（把它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。目前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采用句型教学法。因此学生们或者收听广播（收看电视）进行学习，或者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词进行替换练习。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个专案，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。

以定语从句这一项为例，首先要反复进行替换练习。把“I read a novel yesterday．”和“It was extremely Interesting．”这两个单句改为“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting．”这就是定语从句的单项练习。再如把“I saw a man this morning．”和“The man is my teacher．”改为“The man I saw this morning is my teacher．”；把“I saw a film last night．”和“The film was very amusing．”改为“The film I saw last night was very amusing．”这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。

第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如：

A：Did you enjoy the opera？

B：Which opera？

A：The one we saw last night，of course．

B：Yes，very much．

第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个专案放在一起去操练。

A：Do you know who Edgar Snow was？（一般疑问句；宾语从句）

B：Yes，he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing．（定语从句）

A：Oh，now I remember．He was the author who wrote“Red Star Over China”，wasn't he？（定语从句；反意疑问句）

B：Exactly．

这种回答不但练了定语从句，而且复习了一般疑问句和反意疑问句，也给名词从句的学习打了“埋伏”。进行句型操练，既需要“滚雪球”（复习已学的专案），也需要“打埋伏”（预先练一下将来要学习的专案）。

在句型学习阶段必须注意：在听、说领先的前提下，写、读要跟上，力求听、说、写、读四会均衡发展。因此，时间上要做出合理的安排。早上通常可安排为朗读时间。如果能每日坚持下去，收效一定很大。

（2）结合课文去学

吕叔湘先生说过：“与其多读语法书，不如多读文章。”又说：“词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命，才容易记住，才知道用法。”（引自《中国人学英语》）课文是学习英语的“重要基地”。课文里有语音、词汇专案，也有各类语法专案。它们有机地结合在课文里。课文中出现的语法专案，是有血有肉的，不是干巴巴的。通过课文去学语法，可以学得活，记得牢，这比孤零零地背诵语法条目要有效得多。因此，在句型学习结束后，宜结合课文去学语法，要围绕课文中出现的主要语法专案，循序渐进地学习比较系统的语法知识。

分词（participle）现在分词一般式 否定式 完成式 被动式 Doing Not doing 百度一下奥风英语的中学语法三剑客就行了

求高中英语语法总结

内容太多，给你网址，自己去看，望能采纳~~~~

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高中英语语法总结 ····全

去网上搜《高考语法完全突破》视讯教程或是与之配套的记忆大纲吧，直接针对高考，非常全的。